"Maria Teresa Lucidi ( a cura di), Glossario dei termini tecnici occidentali, cinesi e giapponesi, in La seta e la sua via, Roma, 1994"@it . "Mar\u00EDn L\u00F3pez, Rafael. Documentos para la historia de la seda en el Reino de Granada (siglos XV-XVIII). Granada: Universidad de Granada, 2008."@es . "Benito, Pilar. Para\u00EDsos de seda. Tejidos y bordados de las casas del Pr\u00EDncipe en los Reales Sitios de El Pardo y El Escorial. Val\u00E8ncia: Universitat de Val\u00E8ncia, 2015"@es . "A. Donnanno, Modabolario. Parole e immagini della moda. Dizionario tecnico-creativo. Storia del costume tessuti e tessitura tecniche sartoriali accessori e stilisti, Milano, 2018"@it . "Subst. masc. Terme ar. empr. du pers. \u1E6Dir\u0101z signifiant \"broderie\". Broderies m\u00E9di\u00E9vales islamiques g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement sous forme de brassards cousus sur des robes de c\u00E9r\u00E9monie (khilat) en soie ou en coton. Elles \u00E9taient d\u00E9cern\u00E9es aux hauts fonctionnaires qui faisaient preuve de loyaut\u00E9 envers le califat, et offertes en cadeau \u00E0 des personnes \u00E9minentes. Les tiraz portaient g\u00E9n\u00E9ralement les noms des souverains, \u00E9taient brod\u00E9s de fils de m\u00E9tal pr\u00E9cieux et d\u00E9cor\u00E9s de motifs complexes. Ils \u00E9taient un symbole de pouvoir ; leur production et leur exportation \u00E9taient strictement r\u00E9glement\u00E9es et \u00E9taient supervis\u00E9es par un fonctionnaire nomm\u00E9 par le gouvernement."@fr . "s.m. Laboratorio, quartiere o luogo, dove si tessevano tessuti in seta riccamente operati di origine araba dove figuravano iscrizioni con lodi ad Allah o principi del Corano. A Palermo (1154), questo nome indicava il laboratorio dove erano realizzati anche capi di abbigliamento particolarmente raffinati oltre che altri opulenti manufatti.Per estensione 'Tessuto '."@it . "Tiraz"@it . "Tejido \u00E1rabe de seda ricamente labrado en el que figuraban inscripciones laudatorias a Al\u00E1 o a los pr\u00EDncipes, sultanes y personajes capaces de costear el elevado precio del tiraz."@es . "Tiraz"@fr . "D\u00E1vila Corona, Rosa, Duran i Pujol, Montserrat, y Garc\u00EDa Fern\u00E1ndez, M\u00E1ximo. Diccionario hist\u00F3rico de telas y tejidos castellano-catal\u00E1n. Salamanca: Junta de Castilla y Le\u00F3n, 2004"@es . . "E. Bianchi, Dizionario internazionale dei tessuti, Como, 1997"@it . "Tiraz"@es . . "Tiraz"@en . "F. Pizzato, Tessuti & C. Piccolo dizionario dei termini del mestiere, Milano, 1992"@it . "Benito, Pilar. Para\u00EDsos de seda. Tejidos y bordados de las casas del Pr\u00EDncipe en los Reales Sitios de El Pardo y El Escorial. Val\u00E8ncia: Universitat de Val\u00E8ncia, 2015; D\u00E1vila Corona, Rosa, Duran i Pujol, Montserrat, y Garc\u00EDa Fern\u00E1ndez, M\u00E1ximo. Diccionario hist\u00F3rico de telas y tejidos castellano-catal\u00E1n. Salamanca: Junta de Castilla y Le\u00F3n, 2004; Mar\u00EDn L\u00F3pez, Rafael. Documentos para la historia de la seda en el Reino de Granada (siglos XV-XVIII). Granada: Universidad de Granada, 2008."@en . "C. Ciolino (a cura di) La seta e la Sicilia, catalogo della mostra (Messina, Teatro Vittorio Emanuele, 9 febbraio \u2013 15 marzo 2002) , Messina, 2002."@it . . "Maryam Ekhtiar, Julia Cohen, \"Tiraz: Inscribed Textiles from the Early Islamic Period\", The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History, New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/tira/hd_tira.htm."@fr . . "Christopher Beckwith, Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2009"@fr . "The word tiraz is derived from the Persian word for embroidery and can refer to the textiles themselves, to the bands of inscription that were embroidered onto them, or to the factories in which they were produced. The earliest examples of tiraz, however, were uninscribed and decorated with colorful medallions, animals, or other motifs marking a gradual transition from Sasanian, Coptic, and Byzantinetraditions (1974.113.4). Later tiraz with similar attributes demonstrate a revival of these styles in eleventh- and twelfth-century Fatimid Egypt (27.170.67). Tiraz vary widely in materials and appearance depending on when, where, and for whom they were produced. Most were made of linen, wool, cotton, or a fabric called mulham that was composed of a silk warp and cotton or other weft"@en . "G. Sergio, Parole di moda. Il \"Corriere delle dame\" e il lessico della moda nell'Ottocento, Milano, 2010"@it .