"The smock was originally dated to the early seventeenth century and published as such in Hart and North, Historical Fashion in Detail (1998). However a closer look at the integral ruffle at the collar and cuffs reveals that these are inconsistent with the period of the separate ruff, c.1575 to 1620. Therefore the smock must date to the decades just before this period, 1560-1580."@en . . . .